The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present

1     Isaac Newton     the Newtonian Revolution     Anglican (rejected Trinitarianism, i.e., Athanasianism;
                                                                              believed in the Arianism of the Primitive Church)
2     Albert Einstein     Twentieth-Century Science     Jewish
3     Neils Bohr           the Atom     Jewish Lutheran
4     Charles Darwin     Evolution     Anglican (nominal); Unitarian
5     Louis Pasteur        the Germ Theory of Disease     Catholic
6     Sigmund Freud      Psychology of the Unconscious     Jewish; Atheist; Freudian psychoanalysis (Freudianism)
7     Galileo Galilei         the New Science     Catholic
8     Antoine Laurent Lavoisier      the Revolution in Chemistry     Catholic
9     Johannes Kepler     Motion of the Planets     Lutheran
10     Nicolaus Copernicus     the Heliocentric Universe     Catholic (priest)
11     Michael Faraday     the Classical Field Theory     Sandemanian
12     James Clerk Maxwell     the Electromagnetic Field     Presbyterian; Anglican; Baptist
13     Claude Bernard     the Founding of Modern Physiology    
14     Franz Boas     Modern Anthropology     Jewish
15     Werner Heisenberg     Quantum Theory     Lutheran
16     Linus Pauling     Twentieth-Century Chemistry     Lutheran
17     Rudolf Virchow     the Cell Doctrine    
18     Erwin Schrodinger     Wave Mechanics     Catholic
19     Ernest Rutherford     the Structure of the Atom    
20     Paul Dirac     Quantum Electrodynamics    
21     Andreas Vesalius     the New Anatomy     Catholic
22     Tycho Brahe     the New Astronomy     Lutheran
23     Comte de Buffon     l'Histoire Naturelle    
24     Ludwig Boltzmann     Thermodynamics    
25     Max Planck     the Quanta     Protestant
26     Marie Curie     Radioactivity     Catholic (lapsed)
27     William Herschel     the Discovery of the Heavens     Jewish
28     Charles Lyell     Modern Geology    
29     Pierre Simon de Laplace     Newtonian Mechanics     atheist
30     Edwin Hubble     the Modern Telescope    
31     Joseph J. Thomson     the Discovery of the Electron    
32     Max Born     Quantum Mechanics     Jewish Lutheran
33     Francis Crick     Molecular Biology     atheist
34     Enrico Fermi     Atomic Physics     Catholic
35     Leonard Euler     Eighteenth-Century Mathematics     Calvinist
36     Justus Liebig     Nineteenth-Century Chemistry    
37     Arthur Eddington     Modern Astronomy     Quaker
38     William Harvey     Circulation of the Blood     Anglican (nominal)
39     Marcello Malpighi     Microscopic Anatomy     Catholic
40     Christiaan Huygens     the Wave Theory of Light     Calvinist
41     Carl Gauss (Karl Friedrich Gauss)     Mathematical Genius     Lutheran
42     Albrecht von Haller     Eighteenth-Century Medicine    
43     August Kekule     Chemical Structure    
44     Robert Koch     Bacteriology    
45     Murray Gell-Mann     the Eightfold Way     Jewish
46     Emil Fischer     Organic Chemistry    
47     Dmitri Mendeleev     the Periodic Table of Elements    
48     Sheldon Glashow     the Discovery of Charm     Jewish
49     James Watson     the Structure of DNA     atheist
50     John Bardeen     Superconductivity    
51     John von Neumann     the Modern Computer     Jewish Catholic
52     Richard Feynman     Quantum Electrodynamics     Jewish
53     Alfred Wegener     Continental Drift    
54     Stephen Hawking     Quantum Cosmology     atheist
55     Anton van Leeuwenhoek     the Simple Microscope     Dutch Reformed
56     Max von Laue     X-ray Crystallography    
57     Gustav Kirchhoff     Spectroscopy    
58     Hans Bethe     the Energy of the Sun     Jewish
59     Euclid     the Foundations of Mathematics     Platonism / Greek philosophy
60     Gregor Mendel     the Laws of Inheritance     Catholic (Augustinian monk)
61     Heike Kamerlingh Onnes     Superconductivity    
62     Thomas Hunt Morgan     the Chromosomal Theory of Heredity    
63     Hermann von Helmholtz     the Rise of German Science    
64     Paul Ehrlich     Chemotherapy     Jewish
65     Ernst Mayr     Evolutionary Theory     atheist
66     Charles Sherrington     Neurophysiology    
67     Theodosius Dobzhansky     the Modern Synthesis     Russian Orthodox
68     Max Delbruck     the Bacteriophage    
69     Jean Baptiste Lamarck     the Foundations of Biology    
70     William Bayliss     Modern Physiology    
71     Noam Chomsky     Twentieth-Century Linguistics     Jewish atheist
72     Frederick Sanger     the Genetic Code    
73     Lucretius     Scientific Thinking     Epicurean; atheist
74     John Dalton     the Theory of the Atom     Quaker
75     Louis Victor de Broglie     Wave/Particle Duality    
76     Carl Linnaeus     the Binomial Nomenclature     Christianity
77     Jean Piaget     Child Development    
78     George Gaylord Simpson     the Tempo of Evolution    
79     Claude Levi-Strauss     Structural Anthropology     Jewish
80     Lynn Margulis     Symbiosis Theory     Jewish
81     Karl Landsteiner     the Blood Groups     Jewish
82     Konrad Lorenz     Ethology    
83     Edward O. Wilson     Sociobiology    
84     Frederick Gowland Hopkins     Vitamins    
85     Gertrude Belle Elion     Pharmacology    
86     Hans Selye     the Stress Concept    
87     J. Robert Oppenheimer     the Atomic Era     Jewish
88     Edward Teller     the Bomb     Jewish
89     Willard Libby     Radioactive Dating    
90     Ernst Haeckel     the Biogenetic Principle    
91     Jonas Salk     Vaccination     Jewish
92     Emil Kraepelin     Twentieth-Century Psychiatry    
93     Trofim Lysenko     Soviet Genetics     Russian Orthodox; Communist
94     Francis Galton     Eugenics    
95     Alfred Binet     the I.Q. Test    
96     Alfred Kinsey     Human Sexuality     atheist
97     Alexander Fleming     Penicillin     Catholic
98     B. F. Skinner     Behaviorism     atheist
99     Wilhelm Wundt     the Founding of Psychology     atheist
100     Archimedes     the Beginning of Science     Greek philosophy